Which phase of flight is considered critical and includes taxi, takeoff, and landing?

The phase of flight that encompasses taxi, takeoff, and landing is known as the critical phases of flight. These are the moments where control of the aircraft is paramount and the potential for errors or emergencies is heightened. During these phases, pilots face increased workload and must remain highly vigilant, as the aircraft is often in close proximity to geographical obstacles, other aircraft, and the ground, making safety especially crucial.

In contrast to this, enroute operations represent the cruising altitude where the aircraft is generally more stable. Formation flying is a specific maneuver, typically performed by military or aerobatic teams, and doesn't pertain to the critical management of everyday flight operations. Low-level flight refers to flying at a lower altitude, which could happen during enroute operations or specific maneuvers, but it doesn't inherently include the same critical nature as taxi, takeoff, and landing. Thus, the distinction and identification of the critical phases of flight serve to underline their significance in overall flight safety and pilot focus.