How does a higher temperature affect aircraft performance?

A higher temperature negatively impacts aircraft performance due to several physical principles and characteristics associated with air density and engine efficiency. As the temperature increases, the density of air decreases. This reduction in air density means that the aircraft's wings generate less lift for a given speed. Consequently, the aircraft requires a longer distance to take off and a higher speed to achieve the same lift as it would in cooler conditions.

In addition to lift issues, engine performance is also adversely affected. Many aircraft engines, particularly piston engines and jet engines, rely on the air density to maintain optimal combustion and thrust. Hotter temperatures can lead to decreased engine efficiency and lower thrust, which further compounds the challenges faced during critical phases of flight like takeoff and climb.

While the other options suggest misunderstandings about how thermal physics and aerodynamics interact in aviation, the correct choice acknowledges the reality that higher temperatures generally result in decreased overall performance, affecting both lift generation and engine efficiency.